Tuesday, January 26, 2010

Postive Psychology~正向心理學 & When God Winks


Martin Seligman is the founder of positive psychology, a field of study that examines healthy states, such as happiness, strength of character and optimism.











Martin Seligman founded the field of positive psychology in 2000, and has devoted his career since then to furthering the study of positive emotion, positive character traits, and positive institutions. It's a fascinating field of study that had few empirical, scientific measures -- traditional clinical psychology focusing more on the repair of unhappy states than the propagation and nurturing of happy ones. In his pioneering work, Seligman directs the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania, developing clinical tools and training the next generation of positive psychologists.

His earlier work focused on perhaps the opposite state: learned helplessness, in which a person feels he or she is powerless to change a situation that is, in fact, changeable. Seligman is an often-cited authority in this field as well -- in fact, his is the 13th most likely name to pop up in a general psych textbook. He was the leading consultant on a Consumer Reports study on long-term psychotherapy, and has developed several common pre-employment tests, including the Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire (SASQ).

Martin Seligman on the Web


Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment
正向心理學 協助你走過逆境

【大紀元5月2日訊】(大紀元記者陳珍妮編譯報導)自從2008年底金融風暴席捲全球至今,引爆一連串經濟惡化的骨牌效應似乎還沒有完全停止的跡象。近日又爆發A型流感(豬流感),來勢洶洶更甚於SARS,使得人心惶惶,原本脆弱的經濟更加雪上加霜。面對內外交迫的逆境,我們應該如何因應呢?醫學博士邁克爾‧米勒(Michael Miller)撰文呼籲推廣正向心理學,因為正向心理學強調發覺個人的長處和潛能,抱持希望及積極正面思考,有利於問題的解決及走過逆境。

何謂正向心理學?

鑑於傳統心理學著重於處理心理問題及精神病,而忽略了人的正面特質、長處及美德,心理學家馬汀‧塞利格曼(Martin E.P. Seligman)博士於1998年呼籲心理學家正視心理學界的發展。這是正向心理學的開端。多年來在心理學家們持續的研究發展下,如今正向心理學已被視為傳統心理療法的補充療法,更被發展為培養健康及維持最佳心理狀態的方法。

正向心理學強調以多元化技巧,鼓勵人們認識了解自己的長處、建立正面的情緒和人格特質。其目地為增進生活品質以及預防病態的發生。

正向心理學 vs憂鬱症

憂鬱症是現代文明愈來愈嚴重的心理問題。塞利格曼博士認為,憂鬱症成為世紀瘟疫的其中一個因素是人們過度地仰賴暫時的快樂和感官滿足,缺乏從面對挑戰發揮長處和潛能中獲得滿足感。所以,塞利格曼博士認為,找出每個人的長處並發展它,是對抗憂鬱症的一個有效方法。

當我們已經憂鬱時要知道求助,而平時最重要的卻是增強「心」的抵抗力,學會維持快樂的方法。心理學家表示,樂觀的人,凡事都會正向思考,不但不容易累積憂鬱情緒,也不容易產生自我傷害的行為,因此學習樂觀的思考模式,提昇未來的正向情緒,是很重要的。

妳也可以作的正向心理療法

將注意力自消極面扭轉為正面情緒。多數人傾向於長久陷入傷痛或負面情緒中,而忽視快樂或正面情緒的存在。傳統心理療法有意要患者全神貫注的想他遭遇的傷痛、壓力或衝突。正向心裡學則將注意力轉移至生活中更積極正面的事物上。例如,想想一生中最愉快的時光。或者是將你所有「完成」的事情編列成表,但切勿列出「等待」或「必須做」的事情。

說出自己的優點。為使患者有疏導與宣洩管道,通常治療師和患者會經常談論痛苦、衝突和憤怒方面的事。但對他們而言,若要談論甚或辨認、了解更多積極正面的心理品質、情緒及個人優勢等事則較為困難,雖然這些都是生活中再平常不過的事。

經常練習並發揮你的優點。發掘自己最強的優點,然後每天至少運用一次。經常在生活中發揮自己的優點,運用熟練後,這種優點便能在生活中發揮更好的作用。

正、負兩面情緒要平衡。了解及培養自身及他人的正面特質,如此方能制衡負面情緒。 例如,企業主管考核員工時會讚揚與批評雙管齊下,以達到使其成長進步的目的。

學習各種能讓自己充滿希望的方法。培養希望的方法是縮小問題範圍,即將問題切割成幾個小部份,一次處理一小部份。了解且經常練習解決問題的方法,下次再遇到時就很容意易解決這些問題了。

奧巴馬當上了美國總統即面臨史上最嚴峻的金融危機,他的競選宣言和就職演說強調「希望」,帶給人們很大的鼓舞,儘管有人批評「希望」一詞是空洞的承諾,但是,正向心理學家認為面對巨大挑戰時抱持懷疑態度是無助於事的。事實上,優點與希望是克服巨大挑戰的關鍵所在。

(http://www.dajiyuan.com) 美東時間: 2009-05-02 04:25:51 AM 【萬年曆】

本文網址﹕http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/5/2/n2513764.htm
歡笑網站(www.worldlaughterpledge.org)鼓勵大家以笑共度不景氣。英國Robin Graham和Abena Agyeman在2009年元月24日在曼撤斯特市中心推廣歡笑運動,鼓勵全世界的人在自己的時區每週六上午九點一起大笑。以歡笑帶來快樂與和平。
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